I am not discounting hydrogen (or more likely ammonia) fuel cell power in the long run, especially for heavier vehicles (lorries, trains). It is portable, non-polluting, stores a lot of energy and for big vehicles the cost and weight of onboard fuel storage and fuel cell may well scale more favourably than batteries. The distribution network is also very expensive to build compared with EV chargers. But possible for railways and ships of course, which can charge at relatively few locations.
This is for pollution. For energy efficiency the story is different, as hydrogen manufacturing processes currently use about three times as much energy as the hydrogen stores. If it is produced by fossil fuel (as it mostly is at present) then this is a greenhouse gas disaster. However, if and when we get into a surplus of renewable energy, manufacturing hydrogen or ammonia is a good way to store it. For static purposes such as heating, the gas network is already available. Maybe a clever way will be found, possibly using biological processes, but electrolysing it from water will always cost a lot of energy.
Of course one can build impressive demo cars that use it, but building a whole network is very much more difficult than for BEVs. And there is still plenty of research to be done on hydrogen or ammonia fuel cells to bring the cost down.
A very detailed and really useful discussion of electric vehicles and infrastructure was published last week in a House of Commons research briefing paper. The summary is here:
https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk ... y/CBP-7480
and it contains a link to the full report, for anyone interested. It answers a lot of questions raised in this thread.
This is for pollution. For energy efficiency the story is different, as hydrogen manufacturing processes currently use about three times as much energy as the hydrogen stores. If it is produced by fossil fuel (as it mostly is at present) then this is a greenhouse gas disaster. However, if and when we get into a surplus of renewable energy, manufacturing hydrogen or ammonia is a good way to store it. For static purposes such as heating, the gas network is already available. Maybe a clever way will be found, possibly using biological processes, but electrolysing it from water will always cost a lot of energy.
Of course one can build impressive demo cars that use it, but building a whole network is very much more difficult than for BEVs. And there is still plenty of research to be done on hydrogen or ammonia fuel cells to bring the cost down.
A very detailed and really useful discussion of electric vehicles and infrastructure was published last week in a House of Commons research briefing paper. The summary is here:
https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk ... y/CBP-7480
and it contains a link to the full report, for anyone interested. It answers a lot of questions raised in this thread.