Jacob
What goes around comes around.
You've missed out the big obvious option which is well known and well documented, which is to share out the wealth of the world a bit more equally. World’s billionaires have more wealth than 4.6 billion people | Oxfam InternationalMaintaining the proportion of younger people in a society to provide the energy to deliver that which the retired and elderly require is completely unsustainable without population growth.
The reason - increasing number of elderly people arising from improvements in life expectancy due to healthcare, diet, etc. To some extent the additional demands have been offset by increasing the retirement age - but by no means sufficiently.
The modern UK state pension was started by the Old-Age Pensions Act 1908, which provided 5 shillings (£0.25) a week for those over 70.
In 1908, if you reached 65 (most didn't) after 50 years of work you may expect to live another 12 years. Life expectancy (average) was ~50 due to child mortality and other incurable illnesses.
In 2020 you can expect to live ~20 years at 65, average life expectancy at birth is ~80 years.
If overpopulation is seen as a problem (I think it is) - both environmentally and socially - there are only a few options:
As explicit policies many/all seem fairly unattractive - for some morally repugnant.
- make people work longer whilst remaining in adequate health
- reduce care for the elderly
- reduce pensions for the retired
- reduce living standards for the young, apply resources to economically inactive elderly
- services increasingly provided by automation and robots (??)
This may be why governments worldwide are reluctant to implement birth control policies as they will be aware that it would accelerate the need to make these difficult choices.
But the reality is that even without explicit policies this is what is actually happening!
In other words there could be no population problem if we resolved the wealth distribution problem.
In principle this could lead to reducing populations as people would have more control over their lives, particularly if women were more liberated.
It won't happen of course - the world is quietly resigning itself to let nature take its course and bump a lot of us off randomly. Likely to be the poorest first, who also happen to have the lowest carbon footprint, so it won't be very fair!
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