jlawrence":11qb9jnf said:
At the end of the day a scientific journal is in some ways very similar to any other magazine in that the Editor decides what goes in it - he/she also decides on what he/she will send for peer review and who he/she will send to, and once back from review he/she can still decide not to publish it.
thats not technically true - most academic papers are sent for peer review prior to publication by the university or research group concerned- they go to a number of researchers in the same or similar feilds (similar because if you are in a very small feild you may be the only group researching it) - for example my sister who used to be a cambridge (now at the OU) has been part of the peer review process for papers from newcastle, birmingham and UCL.
It is in the universities interest for such review to be rigourous as submitting something with little scientific validity doesnt do a lot for the credibility of the whole institution (vis that muppet who claimed to have performed cold fusion but no one could replicate it and it turned out that the helium ions were from his glassware cleaning process).
Once the peer review is complete and suggested changes have been made (or declined to be made in some cases) the paper is then submitted for publication along with a note that it has been peer reviewed by x, y, and z - at that point the editor may choose to simply print it (if you are an established and credible research group), to contact the peer reviewers to discuss the paper further (this tends to happen if you havent adopted suggested changes as the editor will want to know why not), or he may choose to send it for further review ( if your research is particularly cutting edge or difficult for him to believe in , or if you (stupidly - like cold fusion man) are submitting a paper which has not been peer reviewed)
no credible journal is going to choose to publish a paper that has not been subject to any review - for the same reason, that their credibility as a scientific journal is at stake - they might however choose to publish soimething with which no reviewer agrees if its particularly cutting edge - but they will say so on a footnote
likewise when publishing a paper that has been reviewed it will normally say somewhere in the footnotes who it has been reviewed by so that other academics can judge the credibility of the review by the reputation of the reviewer.
The only major problem in the review system is politics - If you are (hypothetically speaking) a researcher at birmingham and your research group leader doesnt get on with say the equivalent hypthetical group at bristol but your paper is sent to bristol for review it is possible that it might be unfairly slated for personal resons. However this is why most papers are sent to two or three different groups for review.
the other, more minor , problem occurs as i mentioned above if you are so cutting edge that you are the only group researching a particular topic and you have problems finding someone whos research is similar enough to yours for them to understand and review your research.