Hi Designer, I see you are fairly new to the forum. Welcome!!! I somehow feel as if I should apologise for how the thread has developed. It is nothing to do with you. Hopefully you will get lots of helpful suggestions.
I think both ideas are good, ventilation/ paint, but my experience with this type of problem is ventilation, ventilation, ventilation. Tackle the source of the problem first. Is there a good extractor in the bathroom? with a good long over-run to get the water vapour removed after a shower/bath?
I also use a dehumidifier in the bathroom for about an hour after a shower when I don't want to pump all the hot air out through the wall.
For cleaning up, as Colin suggested I use a bleach solution, but you do get some effective proprietary solutions for that. Bleach is very cheap
.
I have a stained glass single glazed window in my bathroom. Every so often I get a toothbrush (just use the wife's) and a bleach solution, some clean warm water in a pump spray and a wet dry vacuum. I scrub the lead borders with the toothbrush and bleach solution then flood the area with water from the sprayer while vacuuming it up to remove all the crap.
I'm not sure where the mould is in the centre picture? Is there some at the corner of the white painted area? That could be caused by a thermal bridge causing a cold spot. Then if appropriate use some anti mould paint after cleaning it completely.