The railings are onto the sreet
Have a look on YouTube for Mick Blackley sandblaster. He has a dustless (wet) blaster which might be a good option. It is messy (slurry) but not dusty.
On the street side of the railings, if you erected a plywood hoarding (possibly with a roof) and lined it with polythene lapped down onto the floor, it would contain the mess. On the non-street side, scaffold sheeting would probably be OK. Industrial wet vac to clean up.
With a needle scaler, the dust is minimal. The air is used to power the tool, not to blow stuff about. You'd get away with a single piece of Heras fencing on the street side, again lined with scaffold sheeting, a flap at each end tied back to the fence. Move it along as each 8' section is complete. Agan, dry hoover up as you go.
Electric needle sclaers are available from hire shops, so you could try before you buy.