Thank you indeed George and Henning. Specialisation and hand/eye skills seem very much the way it was done everywhere back then. I have a nice book on traditional Japanese woodworking skills (will dig out the ref if anybody wants it) showing guys who spent a whole lifetime on their craft at work - different types of boxmakers, temple carpenters of various specialisations, comb makers, wedding cabinet makers, bridge builders etc etc.
I too can remember watching cart wheels being made very much that way at my Grandfather's sawmill as late as back in the late 1950s - they shrank on the steel hoops that passed as tyre too. Carts also. For that matter - there weren't many power tools about, even only back then.
It brings home what that thread of a few months ago about over reliance on tight tolerance machines was getting at. At how much of modern woodworking draws on repetitive manufacturing methods, and the de-skilling that (but only in some ways) implies too.
The freedom and different mindset that modern capability brings too, it'd be a different life if you spent most of your life making a single product, if you were say a wheelwright. No wonder these guys saw the factories as a threat, what do you do if your life skill is no longer (in your mind) needed?
Another dimension is the way it points up how the associated presumption of worker idiocy has come to inform approach to safety. Those guys relied entirely on a very deep learning of their skills to stay safe, used lead paints and so on in a time when a not so serious accident could easily leave you unable to work. They were entirely self responsible in this regard i suspect. They used to say in the grandfather's mill that a sawyer was no good until he'd lost a finger (to wake him up)
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