DW - for consumers, think of VAT like US sales taxes. It's a tax you pay on goods or services that you can't get back. For businesses, it's different.
If you buy almost anything in the UK in any store you will pay VAT. Anyone who spends any money in the UK has paid it. So we all pay it unless we live life as a hermit living off the land. But it's less than 20% of total taxation and income taxes make up the majority of tax revenues. Half of adults in the UK pay no income taxes.
And as you point out, the US does have a free (at the point of use - for the pedants) healthcare service. It doesn't provide as much for free as the UK. The UK's health service doesn't provide all health services for free either. For example, dentistry is not free - although perhaps it should be so we can avoid Americans threatening their kids with "English teeth"!
Emergency stuff such as broken limbs is covered in full. Major surgery is also covered. If you have cancer, some drugs are covered and others aren't. Lots of people have private medical insurance to supplement the NHS. Great examples of why you might do that in this thread.
This is the age old debate - how much should society pay for and how much should be paid for by individuals.
the trifecta here is dental, vision and health - of course (in insurances). Because of the multi-payer system and negotiations, you don't want to take on any of the three on a cash basis unless you're really poor (in that case, the providers will negotiate because they figure they're not getting paid in the first place).
If I were to go get a root canal and crown at my dentist and pay cash, it would be $3k. My insurance's negotiated rate is $900 for both and I have to pay half. To me, this is morally wrong. Dentists tend to be in business entirely to make money, so they breathe nothing of it to patients. An older friend of mine had a spouse who needed some dental surgery, and she was quoted a price of $7k out of pocket (10% difference for cash). He was retired and paid out of pocket for routine visits. I told him the price was way out of line and to go find the cheapest dental coverage he could locate and go back to the dentist (he was pondering how to save for the procedure for his spouse). Dental insurance is *really* cheap here if it has limited benefits, but you get the negotiated rates even if you pay most of the costs. The same procedure went to less than $3k even though his insurance didn't cover it - he had to pay out of pocket. He was irate (many folks here -especially older - consider someone they go to for decades as sort of a friend, and of course, the providers don't do anything to say "well, be careful, i'm a business").
To his credit, Trump attempted to make health systems post prices for routine procedures so that individuals who have high deductible coverages or catastrophic only could price shop.
I had vestibular issues last year, this is another comparison. I went to a well regarded vestibular center here and pretty much had my eyes tracked, did tests with an audiologist, and had various things stuck in my ears to test my balance, etc. At the end of the procedure, I saw a doctor for about 15 minutes. The whole adventure was unrewarding because they told me I should take a benzo to deal with dizziness and ear pressure because they couldn't see anything causing. No thanks big time on the benzo!!
The statement for services came and the pre-negotiated cost was $5500!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The actual cost after insurance was accounted for was $1100 and my insurance paid all but $25. If I'd have known what they would charge to put some things in my ears, a couple of spinning chairs and special glasses and TVs that track your eyes, and a short stint with a doc suggesting a highly addictive medication, I wouldn't have gone. It was a waste of time. But to be paying $5500 for it would've been appalling, even if the health system offered a "cash discount".
This all makes it important to navigate costs on your own. In my opinion, the average person would be served by a flat system with no options, even though everyone here thinks they're special and too good for that.
Obviously, when a health system charges $5500, and then is reimbursed $2000 by one insurance, $1100 by the next and offers a 10% discount for cash (there would be more than two carriers), they're going to balk at posting a flat price. If they post $5500, nobody comes. If they post something else, it violates their agreement with insurers who are told by contract that they get a certain % discount (usually an enormous made up number like this situation). Attempting to call and get a quote ahead of time would be a minefield. I applauded trump for getting the ball rolling and saying "I hear your concerns, I hear you say it's complex - figure it out, anyway". I can't applaud trump for a whole lot other than a few things like that and not getting us stuck in wars.
I suspect that initiative will go away.
In terms of just how much someone will get for free if they're truly indigent, there's often three layers of safety net - the federal government, then states, and for folks especially living in urban areas, county/local programs. This is dizzying. If you're really poor in the US, here's what you'll get:
* supplemental income
* free food (not unlimited choices, of course)
* free health coverage
* if you're not poor enough for free health insurance for yourself, CHIP (state program for kids) will kick in and at least cover your kids
* rental or house purchase assistance
* free phone
* potentially subsidized internet
* assistance with utility bills
In some places (probably most now), you'll get a public advocate who will help you search for benefits that you can get, and there are private foundations who do the same (especially for single mothers) who may make odd suggestions like "you should get divorced but live under the same roof as your eligibility for benefits will be determined separately, then one of you can work and the other can collect benefits for you and the kids")
The three layers of payment is a huge problem -nobody knows what they're paying, there's no system set up to allow anyone to make an informed decision without a lot of work, and when nobody knows what they're paying, the providers will charge more. It's not a matter of someone deciding not to get care so much as that there's nobody at the gate checking the flow, so to speak, and making sure that it's not stinky.