Inspector,
Thickness is very desirable, helps to cut chatter. The harder the timber the more apparent this is.
Stanley's best blades, sweetheart area maybe? are undoubtedly much better than later ones.
My students have been tuning up bench planes since about 1974, and they all detect improvement in performance within a day or two.
It has been an interesting progression;
In the beginning we found older blades were better.
Then Samurai laminated had much better hardness and edge holding but were still thin.
Hock carbon steel were better again due to thickness.
L-N and Hock A2 kept us working longer between sharpenings and are the current favorite.
Have not tried L-V yet. Ray Iles, Holtey and Academy saw works are all excellent if not superb.
There are even better blade materials, but generally they require more sharpening time, (diamond lapping).
Of course function is relevant.
My approach is to tune one bench plane for the finest cabinetmaking work. With machinery you don't really need more than one for quite a long time, if ever.
I choose to use a 5 1/2 for perfecting the finish and accuracy from a machine planer/ thicknesser. In the same way Alan Peters chose to use a No 7. He said the work had to be very small indeed before he thought about a smaller plane!
A well tuned plane with a high quality replacement blade achieves about 90 to 95 % of the performance of an expensive bench plane.
If you work without machinery, this approach no longer works and more planes are needed.
David Charlesworth