Sorry to hear of the problem. I've not had it happen but may I offer some advice for the future. The sockets on these screws get filled with dust, so when you try to remove them, the allen key doesn't go fully home and is more likely to round out the socket. I always clean out the socket with a home made bradawl (sharpened masonry nail in turned wooden handle). And part of my chuck maintenance is to put some copper (anti-sieze) grease on the socket screw threads.
On the subject of replacement screws, you will be very lucky to find an exact replacement as the head diameter is smaller than a standard countersunk socket screw. That doesn't matter on some jaws, but any that have the socket screw 'down a hole' will need the right size head.
Good luck with getting the damaged one out.