well, the cap comes up and people will argue "all methods are the same", but it's not the case. The cap dominated economically because of its efficiency and everything else pretty much disappeared. That doesn't give me license to be a blowhard, what it gives me license to do is say there's information in what occurred historically (when money was tight) that lets you know which direction you should head.
http://woodcentral.com/cgi-bin/readarti ... _935.shtml
note that when I wrote that article, two other folks offered to take pictures. You shouldn't settle for the amount of tearout that's in the board, but the editor was learning the method when he was editing the article (sort of an acid test) and he was very pleased with that surface because it was far less tearout than he's gotten in ribboned mahogany. This is the improvement he saw basically in one attempt. It takes a couple of weeks to get the feel for setting things, but then you are off to the races.
This factors in this plane decision because if you are going to ask someone who planes a lot "what is a great plane that I'll really like to use", my assumption is you would probably like it to be something you like to use in a decade, too. This is a pitfall i fell into when I first started making planes - I wanted to make planes, but I failed to understand that if they weren't great with an advancing skill level, I'd cast them aside. So I have some planes that I've literally just thrown away, and others that I just don't know what to do with.
Either the stanley, the LN (quangsheng are heavier yet than LN, and there's no real function for the weight, but if cost is a consideration, I'm sure they're fine), or LV will all fit in this, but focus on standard pitch or lower for now (or something like norris at the steepest) and get after the cap setting and you'll more or less have one plane at your bench that you keep in shape and use on everything. It's not intellectually exciting like having an array - I will admit. I've had hundreds - i long had the desire to find something that was just better or foolproof, but it ends up being the historical record that is that - it's just not accessible to a brand new beginner without some instruction.
I have had everything short of a holtey (but I have made infill planes instead - half a dozen of them) , and all of them work fine on end grain. A stanley plane works fine on end grain.
I wouldn't personally buy a bevel up plane - I know people like them a lot, but they fail to find favor on heavier use (e.g., if you were a person with a shop full of martin tools and you never had anything more to do other than fit joints, shoot board ends (though the martin stuff can pretty much eliminate that with its real time digital readouts to the thousandth) and plane a couple of strokes to the finish, the BU planes are nice to learn, but they are more effort to use than a stanley plane in anything more, and less capable.
As far as end grain, any decent bevel down plane will do it well. What's usually lacking in any of them is wax on the sole, if anything. I've always found the premium planes to have more friction on end grain and sticky woods and be far more needy than wax.
The crux of it is after having hundreds of planes, I'm back to the stanley smoother, and I'm somewhat agnostic on other planes (metal or wood) - same type - common pitch with cap, but metal or wood - the two will only separate themselves in heavy work, but finding a good well-fitted double iron plane isn't that easy until you've made planes. Once they're well fitted and used relatively regularly, they stay fitted.
Here is the last infill that i made (I'd like to make another dozen, though). After making some heavy planes with thick single irons and high pitches, this kit plane will torch any of them with the cap set, but I still use a stanley 4 most of the time. What I chased making this smoother was pretty much finding an infill plane that's a lot like a stanley 4 in proportion and weight. I didn't consciously think of that, but that's what I ended up making.
Not by chance, probably, many of the old norris and spiers planes are closer in weight and proportion to a stanley 4 than they are to modern hobbyist infills (and they were always carefully made by the good makers to keep the mouth tidy (looks nice), but filed away inside so the cap can be set all the way to the edge. As is the one in this picture.
https://i.imgur.com/5yacaZb.jpg