(in order of lightfast)
* earth colors and other associated similar mineral based colors (lamp black, true india black, etc) - light fast forever
* premetallized dyes - very light fast, though some colors a little less so than others, the chance of buying a guitar and having it sit next to a window and develop a fade line is far less now than it was 40 years ago
* aniline dyes that aren't premetallized - good light-fast (you can look up, just as the pre-M types to find out which colors fade faster)
...everything else below that, i'm not sure as lightfast that isn't in decades seems to me to be something for school projects, etc.
I have far less experience with this stuff than someone who works commercially, but have spent most of my minimum experience with guitars and then earth colors micronized pigments (which are a stain and not a dye, but the uniformity is wonderful - they're also present in artist colors/japan colors, which used to be linseed oil based, but the ones I've gotten in the last couple of years are distillate based - a coat of super blonde dewaxed shellac makes it pretty safe to top them with anything, though. I've had no adhesion issues).