Looks like there is some tearout on the end grain bits, and some radial marking just below the rim. Yes, back on the lathe, hand sand 120 or maybe even 80, try diagonally across the scratches perhaps with the lathe stopped then repeat what you did. If you use something like an old dry paintbrush or bit of dry kitchen roll to remove dust between grits you can easily see what still has to be done. When I started out I spent a lot of time sanding, but now manage to need a lot less by getting better with the final cut. Next time once most of the work is done, sharpen the tool, maybe move the speed up a bit and take a light cut. It doesn't always work, some pieces still need a fair bit of work. Are you using sanding sealer at any point? Most people seem to sand to 240, check there are no marks left, then apply sanding sealer and go to the finer grades.
