could we see the formers?
A few years ago I had a commission to make the tables for a restaurant. Chatting to the owner I floated the idea of using Shaker style oval boxes as bread baskets. The owner was interested, so in the great tradition of custom furniture makers I pulled a quote and a delivery date out of thin air! When the quote was accepted I then had to figure out to make them and hopefully turn a profit along the way.
Subsequently I've made quite a few Shaker boxes, and you're right to ask about the formers because they're really the critical element in the whole process.
You need a "plug", which is the former around which the hot timbers are bent, you then need two wedge shaped "formers", one for the top and one for the bottom, which are inserted into the freshly riveted box so it will hold its shape while drying. Finally, I made one master template for each size box, which I could subsequently use to make as many additional plugs and formers as required. From a practical point of view it really makes sense to produce several Shaker boxes each time you fire up the water trough/steam box, and you'll need a pair of formers for each box you make.
My starting point was to use and appropriate programme (ie Photoshop or Sketch Up for example), to draw the elipse profile. I then stuck that down to a piece of 18mm water proof MDF in order to make the master template.
Next step was to bandsaw around the profile, staying about 0.5-1.0 mm outside the line.
I then used a disc sander to work down to the line.
You could use a spokeshave to do the final shaping, and on many jobs that's what I'll do. But you'll see later that a disc sander is especially useful when making the wedge shaped formers, therefore I used a disc sander throughout.
Next step was to use this master template to draw an outline on some good quality birch ply. I put a sleeve over a red pencil lead so that acted as a bearing so the line was just over 1mm larger than the master template. The disc sander was then tilted by 10 degrees so when I sanded to the line it would produce a wedge shaped former. You can see the general idea here, on the top are the two wedge shaped formers in birch ply, on the bottom is the MDF master template.
If you look closely you can see that these formers are larger than the master template on one face, but smaller on the other face. This means they can wedge into the Shaker Oval Box like a cork in a bottle and hold the shape while it dries overnight.
Next step is to make the "plug" the oval dummy around which the hot, wet veneer gets wrapped to form the basic shape before being riveted.
I chose to make the plugs from softwood because I wanted the plug to be virtually the same height as the width of the veneer that will be wrapped around it. This makes it easier to register it at both top and bottom, and ensures the veneer goes on straight rather than spiralling around the plug. It's much easier to thickness solid timber rather than MDF or ply. So I machined a board so that it was exactly one third of the final thickness I wanted, and used the master template to draw out three profiles.
Next step is to bandsaw these three ovals slightly oversize.
So now I have a stack of three rough cut ovals.
It's time for dinner so I'll break here and finish the story later!