I would assume that the finishing Oil has a greater resin content but don't quote me on that. Resins are much harder than cured Oil so you would expect a slighty harder finish.
Thicker/thinner may not be that relevant as that's highly influenced by the amount of solvent content, which is considerable in these wiping varnishes. However once the solvent has flashed off it may be easier to judge the solids content. Then again the difference is probably small.
Anything with resin content of 50% + is considered a short Oil varnish, anything below that is a long oil varnish. Marine varnishes are virtually always a long Oil varnish because they need the flexibility in the finished film that a high Oil content gives. Short Oil varnishes tend to be hard, very short Oil varnishes can be hard, brittle and crack readily.
You could always fire off an email to liberon and ask them what the difference is. They won't give you an exact recipe but they may give you a descriptive answer.