There are two things that affect file size:
1. Pixel resolution, the better your camera sensor and the better the file format chosen the bigger the initial file.
2. Image compression, file format chosen and compression ratio (image quality)
If you compress a file to reduce the file size you are doing one of two things or both.
1. Reducing the pixel count by removing some picture detail by taking out duplicate or similar adjacent pixels but maintaining as good a quality as possible. {You select the size you want and a high quality (90-100%)}
2. Reducing the pixel count by keeping the same size but deliberately reducing the image quality. {You select the quality you want (70-80%)}
3. Reducing the Required Image Size and selecting a Lower Quality (70-80%)
Unless you have a high end camera all the images will be stored in some form of compressed format such as JPG.
This means that the software that has saved them has made some assumptions on which detail it needs to record and which it can save file space by noting that the information (pixel) is just the same colour as those surrounding it.
Reducing an image and/or file size adds to the compression, taking out more of these 'similar pixels'
Every time you
Re-Save a compressed image it will deteriorate in quality because the software keeps taking out what it sees as expendable pixels.
For best quality of a reduced file size image, you need to go from the
original straight down to the
final required size, that way you get a one time dumping of pixel information, retaining as much as possible of the original detail.
For instance, the camera I currently use is set to 3648 X 2736 pixels and JPG format, giving files in the order of 2MB each.
To save space on my server and to meet the UKW requirement of less than 256KB I reduce them to 1024 X 768 pixels with a quality setting of 80% and they normally end up anywhere between 60 and 180 KB dependant on detail. They are more than good enough quality for normal computer screen display.
Using
GIMP:--
Alternately using
Windows Image Resizer
Edit: In the latest versions of GIMP the preferred application file format is .XCF and a normal save will be in this format.
To save as .JPG or .PNG you need to Export in the first instance rather than Save.
A great little program pointed to by
bobham is
Picture Resizer 6.0 which does it all for you. Simply edit the EXE file name to control the image size.
One that gives you a host of other options as well as resizing is
FastStone Photo Resizer as recommended by
Random Orbital Bob
Another very useful image manipulation and editing program is
IrfanView
Avatars:- If you are looking to create a personalised Avatar for the Forum you can use
This Shrink Pictures site for a quick and easy solution.
All the above mentioned software is Free for home use.
Edit: FastStone Resizer is useful if you have batches of multiple pictures to shrink as it will do them all in one operation and rename them simultaneously.